A ceasefire is usually more limited than a broader ceasefire, which is a formal agreement to end the fighting. Ceasefires can be used by the parties as a cover for rearmament or repositioning of forces[1],[6] and they usually fail when described as « failed ceasefires »; [7] However, successful ceasefires can be followed by ceasefires and then peace treaties. Ceasefires can take place between state actors when they can even reach the stage of a global ceasefire[5], or involve non-state actors and be « local ». [6] They can be formal (usually written) or informal; Their terms can be public or secret. Ceasefires may take place through mediation or otherwise as part of a peace process or imposed by United Nations Security Council resolutions on Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations. [1] On November 29, 1952, U.S. President-elect Dwight D. Eisenhower visited Korea to see how the Korean War could end. With the adoption by the United Nations of the ceasefire proposed by India, the ceasefire of the Korean People`s Army (CPA), the People`s Volunteer Army (PVA) and the UN Command had the line of battle approximately at the 38th latitude north. These parties signed the Korean Armistice Agreement on July 27, 1953 to end the fighting.
[11] [12] South Korean President Syngman Rhee attacked the peace process and did not sign the ceasefire. [13] Following the approval of the ceasefire agreement, which called on the governments of South Korea, North Korea, China and the United States to participate in new peace talks. The main warring parties created the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), which has since been patrolled by the APK and the joint army of the Republic of Korea, the United States and the UN command. The war is considered over at this time, although there is no peace treaty yet. Ceasefire is also used outside the context of wars and the military to refer to an informal agreement between two people aimed at breaking a dispute or quarrel, especially a dispute that has been going on for a long time. Such a ceasefire is often proposed in the form of a question by simply saying, « Ceasefire? » If the other person agrees, they can also simply say « ceasefire. » On the 15th. In January 1973, US President Richard Nixon ordered a ceasefire of airstrikes in North Vietnam. The decision came after Henry Kissinger, the president`s national security adviser, returned to Washington, D.C., with a draft Paris peace proposal, in France. Combat operations in South Vietnam continued. On January 27, 1973, all parties to the Vietnam War signed an armistice as a prelude to the Paris Peace Agreement.
The first ceasefire records date back to about 1200. It comes from the Middle English trewes, the plural of trewe, from the Old English trēow, which means « faith, vow, contract ». The words true and truth are based on the same root. The 2020 global ceasefire was a response to a formal call made by UN Secretary-General António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres on 23 September. March for a global ceasefire as part of the UNITED Nations response to the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic. On 24 June 2020, 170 UN Member States and Observers signed a non-binding declaration in support of the appeal, which was increased to 172 on 25 June 2020, and on 1 July 2020, the UN Security Council adopted a resolution calling for a general and immediate cessation of global hostilities for at least 90 days. [21] [22] During World War I, on December 24, 1914, there was an unofficial armistice on the Western Front when the France, the United Kingdom, and Germany celebrated Christmas. According to reports, the unofficial armistice took place in the week before Christmas and British and German troops exchanged seasonal vows and songs between their trenches.
[8] The ceasefire was short but spontaneous. Starting with the lighting of the Christmas trees of the German soldiers, it quickly spread to the Western Front. [9] One report describes development as follows: On January 1, 1949, a United Nations-mediated armistice was agreed between India and Pakistan, ending the 1947 Indo-Pakistani War (also known as the 1947 Kashmir War). In October 1947, fighting broke out in Kashmir between the two newly independent countries, with India intervening on behalf of the princely ruler of Kashmir, who had joined India, and Pakistan supporting the rebels. The fighting was limited to Kashmir, but fearing it would turn into a full-scale international war, India referred the matter to the UN Security Council under Article 35 of the UN Charter, which deals with situations that « could jeopardize the maintenance of international peace. » The Security Council established the United Nations Special Commission for India and Pakistan, which mediated for an entire year as the fighting continued. After several UN resolutions that outlined a procedure for settling the dispute by referendum, an armistice agreement between the countries was concluded towards the end of December 1948, which entered into force in the new year. The Security Council established the United Nations India-Pakistan Military Observer Group (UNMOGIP) to monitor the ceasefire line. [17] India declared a ceasefire in the Kashmir Valley during Ramadan 2018.
[18] An example of a ceasefire in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict was announced on February 8, 2005 between Israel and the Palestinian Authority. So what is the difference between a ceasefire, a ceasefire and a ceasefire? In general, all three terms mean pretty much the same thing. A ceasefire is usually a temporary halt to an ongoing battle. A ceasefire often refers to the end of all hostilities – the agreement to end a war is sometimes called a ceasefire. Ceasefires and ceasefires are both examples of ceasefires, but ceasefires are generally applied on a smaller scale or more informally. Both the ceasefire and the ceasefire are official, but the ceasefire often involves less formality. After Iraq was driven out of Kuwait by US-led coalition forces during Operation Desert Storm, Iraq and the UN Security Council signed a ceasefire agreement on March 3, 1991. [15] Subsequently, in the 1990s, the UN Security Council adopted numerous resolutions calling on Iraq to unconditionally and immediately disarm its weapons of mass destruction. As no peace treaty was signed after the Gulf War, the war remained in force, including an alleged assassination attempt on former US President George H.
W. Bush by Iraqi agents during a visit to Kuwait; [16] Iraq was bombed in June 1993 in response, Iraqi forces fired on coalition aircraft patrolling Iraq`s no-fly zones, US President Bill Clinton bombed Baghdad in 1998 during Operation Desert Fox and an earlier US bombing of Iraq in 1996 during Operation Desert Strike. The war remained in effect until 2003, when US and British forces invaded Iraq and toppled Saddam Hussein`s regime from power. The agreement or treaty establishing such a status quo can also be described as a ceasefire. When a ceasefire is applied in the context of military conflicts, it is often temporary and fixed for a certain period. Truce can also be used casually to refer to an agreement between two or more people to stop arguing, arguing, or engaging in a less serious form of conflict, such as a pillow fight (not that pillow fights can`t get very intense). Ceasefire is often used in the context of wars and other military conflicts. But it is also often used much more casually to refer to an agreement to end a small dispute.
Weihnachtsfrieden (German: Weihnachtsfrieden; English: Christmas Truce) was a series of unofficial ceasefires spread along the Western Front of World War I around Christmas 1914. . .
Commentaires récents